Table 1 Lipid therapeutics/biomarkers available for corneal diseases

Dry eye disease [17]

Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and alpha linolenic acid, and resolvins have shown promise in improving symptoms of DED, matrix metalloproteinase-9 as an ideal biomarker due to its involvement in ocular surface inflammation

Diabetic neuropathy

Menhaden oil, daily injections of resolvin-D1, salsalate, enalapril, neuroprotectin D1, docosahexaenoic acid, as well as combination of enalapril, α-lipoic acid and menhaden oil have all shown to improve diabetic neuropathy

Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy

Mefenamic acid and nimesulide have shown to improve oxidative stress, ROCK inhibitor show potential for regenerative medicine, Diacylglycerophosphocholines, 1-ether, 2-acylglycerophosphocholines, eight sphingomyelins, and up to two long-chain highly unsaturated cholesteryl esters increased in the AH of FECD eyes, indicating potential oxidative stress markers