Regenerative medicine for the kidney: stem cell prospects & challenges

Clinical and Translational Medicine

Table 1 Characterization of renal progenitors from adult human kidneys

Origin & characteristics of human renal progenitor	*In vitro* capacity	*In vivo* renal injury model transplantation outcome	Reference
CD133+, Pax2+ from renal cortex	Self-renew, make tubular structures	Engrafted into tubules of SCID mice with glycerol-induced tubulonecrosis	[69]
CD133+, CD24+ in proximal & distal tubules	Differentiate into renal epithelium & make tubular structures	N.D.	[70]
Aldh^high, CD133+, CD24+ from proximal tubule	N.D.	N.D.	[71]
CD133+, CD24+, CD106- in proximal & distal tubules	High proliferative capacity; differentiate into podocyte & tubular lineages	Engrafted into tubules of SCID mice with rhabdomyolysis induced AKI	[72]
CD133+, CD24+, VIM+, observed in proximal tubule	N.D.	N.D.	[73]

Discrete antigen combinations have isolated renal progenitors that show remarkable potency in both in vitro culture and transplantation settings as indicated.