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Clinical and Translational Medicine
Fig. 3 | Clinical and Translational Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Cancer; an induced disease of twentieth century! Induction of tolerance, increased entropy and ‘Dark Energy’: loss of biorhythms (Anabolism v. Catabolism)

Fig. 3

Schematic representation that aging (senescence) and oxidative stress lead to immune tolerance, associated with loss of differential bioenergetics (oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and Yin/tumoricidal arm of immunity), increased glycolysis, angiogenesis and hypoxia result in increased cancer cell growth and entropy. It depicts that in immune-responsive tissue loss of biorhythms (Yin–Yang) induces activation of embryonic (constituent) growth in epithelial cells and polarization of epithelium-mesenchymal transition. The events are accompanied by impaired pyruvate-shuttle and biosynthesis of structural proteins from branched or aromatic amino acids, increased IRAK-M and growth pathways (Yang, tumorigenic arm) such as mTOR/PI3Ks, VEGF, increased glycolysis to satisfy lawless growth of cancer cells, under hypoxic conditions and loss of cell–cell contact inhibition. See text

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