Table 1 Potential salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection, reported as of 2013
From: A review of research on salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection
Category | Potential OSCC salivary biomarkers | Authors/year |
|---|---|---|
Non-organic compound | Na, Ca, F, and Mg | Shpitzer et al./2007 [55] |
Peptide | Defensin-1 | Mizukawa et al./1998 [28] |
Proteins | P53 autoantibody | Warnakulasuriya et al./2000 [19] |
α-amylase | Chen et al./2002 [20] | |
IL-8 | St. John et al./2004 [23] | |
Rhodus et al./2005 [24] | ||
Arellano-Garcia et al./2008 [70] | ||
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43] | ||
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
TNF-α | Rhodus et al./2005 [24] | |
IL-1 | ||
IL-6 | Rhodus et al./2005 [24] | |
Katakura et al./2007 [34] | ||
Saheb-Jamee et al./2008 [35] | ||
Sato et al./2010 [36] | ||
Cheng et al./2013 [38] | ||
Basic fibroblast growth factor | Vucicevic et al./2005 [27] | |
Gorugantula et al./2012 [39] | ||
Statherin | Contucci et al./2005 [62] | |
Cyfra 21.1 | Nagler et al./2006 [25] | |
Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) | ||
Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) | Nagler et al./2006 [25] | |
Balan et al./2012 [57] | ||
Endothelin-1 | Pickering et al./2007 [21] | |
Cheng et al./2011 [40] | ||
IL-1β | Katakura et al./2007 [34] | |
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43] | ||
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
CD44 | Franzmann et al./2007 [46] | |
Total salivary protein | Shpitzer et al./2007 [55] | |
Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) | ||
MMP-2 | ||
MMP-9 | ||
CD59 | Hu et al./2008 [29] | |
Catalase | ||
Profilin | ||
S100A9/MRP14 | ||
M2BP | Hu et al./2008 [29] | |
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43] | ||
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | He et al./2009 [54] | |
Carcinoma associated antigen CA-50 | ||
Salivary carbonyls | Shipitzer et al./2009 [49] | |
Cyclin D1 | ||
Maspin | ||
8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) | ||
Phosphorylated-Src | ||
Ki-67 | ||
Lactate dehydrogenase | Shipitzer et al./2009 [49] | |
Shetty et al./2012 [58] | ||
Transferrin | Jou et al./2010 [45] | |
Zinc finger protein 501 peptide | Jou et al./2011 [60] | |
Hemopexin | Jessie et al./2013 [59] | |
Haptoglobin | ||
Complement C3 | ||
Transthyretin | ||
α1-antitrypsin | ||
DNAs | P53 gene codon 63 | Liao et al./2000 [18] |
Loss of heterozygosity in the combination of markers D3S1234, D9S156, and D17S799 | El-Naggar et al./2001 [51] | |
Mitochondrial DNAs (cytochrome c oxidase I and cytochrome c oxidase II) | Jiang et al./2005 [37] | |
Hypermethylation of promoters in tumor suppressor genes: DAPK, DCC, MINT-31, TIMP-31, TIMP-3, p16, MGMT, CCNA1 | Carvalho et al./2011 [61] | |
mRNAs | IL-8 | Li et al./2004 [22] |
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43] | ||
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
IL-1β | Li et al./2004 [22] | |
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
DUSP1 (dual specificity phosphatase 1) | Li et al./2004 [22] | |
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
Cheng et al./2013 [41] | ||
H3F3A (H3 histone family 3A) | Li et al./2004 [22] | |
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
OAZ1 (ornithin decarboxylase antizyme 1) | Li et al./2004 [22] | |
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
Cheng et al./2013 [41] | ||
S100P (S100 calcium binding protein P) | Li et al./2004 [22] | |
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43] | ||
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
Cheng et al./2013 [41] | ||
SAT (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase EST) | Li et al./2004 [22] | |
Brinkmann et al./2011 [43] | ||
Elashoff et al./2012 [44] | ||
MicroRNAs | miR-125a | Park et al./2009 [31] |
miR-200a | ||
miR-31 | Liu et al./2012 [33] | |
Long non-coding RNAs | HOTAIR | Tang et al./2013 [56] |
Oxidative stress-related molecules | Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrites (NO2) and nitrates (NO3) | Bahar et al./2007 [26] |
Peroxidase | Bahar et al./2007 [26] | |
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) | Bahar et al./2007 [26] | |
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) | Agha-Hosseini et al./2012 [52] | |
8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) | ||
Glutathione | Almadori et al./2007 [30] | |
Malondialdehyde (MDA) | Agha-Hosseini et al./2012 [52] | |
Glucocorticoid | Cortisol | Bernabé et al./2012 [53] |
Metabolomics | Cadaverine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, alanine, C5H14N5, piperidine, taurine piperideine, pipercolic acid, C4H9N, C8H9N, pyrroline hydroxycarboxylic acid, betaine, C6H6N2O2, leucine+isoleucine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, beta-alanine, glutamic acid, threonine, serine, glutamine, choline, carnitine, C4H5N2O11P | Sugimoto et al./2010 [47] |
Phenylalanine | Wei et al./2011 [48] | |
Sugimoto et al./2010 [47] | ||
Valine | Wei et al./2011 [48] | |
Sugimoto et al./2010 [47] | ||
Lactic acid | Wei et al./2011 [48] | |
Glycosylation- related molecules | Sialic acid | Vajaria et al./2013 [32] |
α-L-fucosidase | ||
Other | Telomerase activity | Zhong et al./2005 [50] |