Table 3 Subgroup analyses of group [SMD (BMD)], group [SMD (t-score)] and group [SMD (z-score)]
No. of studies | SMD (95% CI) | P | Pheterogeneity | I2 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group (SMD [BMD]) | |||||
Total | 13 | − 0.24 (− 0.44, − 0.04) | 0.021 | 0.002 | 61.7 |
Place | |||||
Lumber spine | 9 | − 0.17 (− 0.35,0.02) | 0.072 | 0.021 | 26.3 |
Femoral neck | 4 | − 0.38 (− 0.91, 0.16) | 0.169 | < 0.001 | 84 |
Region | |||||
Europe | 12 | − 0.25 (− 0.47, − 0.04) | 0.021 | 0.001 | 64.5 |
America | 1 | − 0.03 (− 0.64, 0.58) | 0.918 | ||
Average age (years old) | |||||
< 45 | 10 | − 0.16 (− 0.39, 0.07) | 0.173 | 0.002 | 64.7 |
≥ 45 | 3 | − 0.52 (− 0.83, − 0.22) | 0.001 | 0.627 | 0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
< 25 | 7 | − 0.24 (− 0.56, 0.08) | 0.139 | 0.001 | 72.4 |
≥ 25 | 4 | − 0.08 (− 0.31, 0.14) | 0.47 | 0.297 | 18.6 |
Group (SMD [T-score]) | |||||
Total | 7 | − 0.55 (− 0.72, − 0.37) | < 0.001 | 0.9 | 0 |
Place | |||||
Lumber spine | 4 | − 0.50 (− 0.72, − 0.28) | < 0.001 | 0.827 | 0 |
Femoral neck | 2 | − 0.67 (− 0.99, − 0.35) | < 0.001 | 0.494 | 0 |
Region | |||||
Europe | 6 | − 0.53 (− 0.72, − 0.34) | < 0.001 | 0.842 | 0 |
Asia | 1 | − 0.63 (− 1.08, − 0.18) | 0.006 | ||
Average age (years old) | |||||
< 45 | 4 | − 0.55 (− 0.76, − 0.34) | < 0.001 | 0.915 | 0 |
≥ 45 | 3 | − 0.55 (− 0.85, − 0.24) | < 0.001 | 0.43 | 0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
< 25 | 3 | − 0.53 (− 0.77, − 0.28) | < 0.001 | 0.838 | 0 |
≥ 25 | 1 | − 0.38 (− 0.79, 0.03) | 0.069 | ||
Group (SMD [Z-score]) | |||||
Total | 6 | − 0.38 (− 0.56, − 0.19) | < 0.001 | 0.392 | 3.9 |
Place | |||||
Lumber spine | 4 | − 0.36 (− 0.59, − 0.14) | 0.002 | 0.353 | 8.1 |
Femoral neck | 2 | − 0.40 (− 0.72, − 0.09) | 0.012 | 0.169 | 47.2 |
Average age (years old) | |||||
< 45 | 3 | − 0.33 (− 0.56, − 0.09) | 0.006 | 0.226 | 32.8 |
≥ 45 | 3 | − 0.46 (− 0.76, − 0.16) | 0.003 | 0.422 | 0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
< 25 | 3 | − 0.33 (− 0.56, − 0.09) | 0.006 | 0.226 | 32.8 |
≥ 25 | 1 | − 0.30 (− 0.70, 0.11) | 0.151 | ||