Application of metabolomics to drug discovery and understanding the mechanisms of action of medicinal plants with anti-tuberculosis activity

Clinical and Translational Medicine

Table 1 Summary of representing some of the new drugs and their functions

Anti-TB drugs	Suggested/confirmed function/mechanism of action	References
Pretomanid (PA-824)	1. Potentially act on mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway through depletion of ketoymycolates and accumulation of hydroxymycolates on replicating bacteria	[94]
Pretomanid (PA-824)	2. Des-nitroimidazole derivative from pretomanid metabolism was responsible for generation of reactive nitrogen species and ATP depletion, which would explain its activity under anaerobic conditions	[95]
Delamanid (OPC-67683)	Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall components, methoxymycolic acid and ketomycolic acid	[67]
Bedaquiline	Inhibits ATP synthase	[96]
Rifapentine	Inhibits transcription by interacting with mycobacterial RNA polymerase. It does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme	[97]
Linezolid	It is an oxazolidinone. It is a candidate for MDR TB. It inhibits the initiation of the protein synthesis	[98]
Sutezolid	It is an oxazolidinone, an analog of linezolid. It inhibits the protein synthesis	[99]
Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin	These are members of fluoroquinolones. They inhibit DNA replication by binding bacterial gyrase	[60, 100]