HIV-exposed uninfected infants: elevated cord blood Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is significantly associated with maternal HIV infection and systemic IL-8 in a Kenyan cohort

Clinical and Translational Medicine

Table 1 Maternal plasma mediators at delivery from HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women

Mediator, pg/ml	LLD	HIV uninfected n^a = 19	HIV infected n = 22	p value^b
Mediator, pg/ml	LLD	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)	p value^b
Pro-inflammatory
IL-23	8.0	194 (151–408)	53 (29–103)	< 0.001
IL-17α	0.7	7 (5–12)	2 (1–4)	< 0.001
IL-12(p70)	0.5	5 (4–8)	2 (1–2)	< 0.001
TNF-α	0.4	8 (7–10)	6 (5–7)	< 0.001
IL-1β	0.5	5 (5–7)	2 (1–5)	0.25
IL-6	0.2	9 (6–30)	6 (2–40)	0.25
Chemotactic
IL-8/CXCL8	0.3	9 (8–13)	36 (15–361)	< 0.001
CX3CL1	18.0	333 (205–459)	71 (48–120)	< 0.001
CCL20	0.6	22 (19–27)	15 (13–20)	< 0.002
CXCL11	1.5	157 (93–236)	45 (24–85)	< 0.001
CCL3	0.3	30 (25–34)	13 (10–57)	0.25
CCL4	1.0	33 (27–46)	13 (7–56)	0.02
Immunoregulatory
IFN-γ	0.6	21 (17–32)	12 (11–17)	< 0.001
IL-7	0.4	14 (10–18)	7 (5–10)	< 0.001
IL-2	0.5	0 (0–5)	2 (1–3)	0.09
IL-21	0.3	3 (1–5)	2 (1–4)	1.0
Th2
IL-4	1.8	136 (84–162)	14 (8-19)	< 0.001
IL-5	0.5	4 (2–5)	2 (1-2)	< 0.001
IL-10	1.5	19 (8–23)	5 (4-9)	< 0.001
GM-CSF	1.2	282 (132–358)	37 (21-51)	< 0.001
IL-13	0.3	10 (5–16)	5 (4-8)	0.01

Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied; thus p < 0.003 was considered significant
LLD lower limit of test kit detection, pg/ml
^aNumber women with plasma samples available at time of delivery
^bIndependent sample medians were compared using Mann–Whitney U test