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Table 8 Descriptive statistics for both groups are presented below; Mann–Whitney U-tests, effect sizes (d) and significance levels (p) N = 124

From: The frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in athletes with and without sports related concussion

 

PC-post injury

HC

PC post injury vs HC

n = 62

n = 62

M

SD

M

SD

Mann–Whitney U

r a

p

Total PTSD

0.90

1.28

0.18

0.43

1282.00

0.34

0.000

Total PC-TSS

19.52

19.51

2.83

4.26

613.00

0.58

0.000

Migraine cluster

8.52

9.07

0.63

1.72

554.00

0.65

0.000

Cognitive cluster

6.76

6.98

1.29

2.42

909.00

0.48

0.000

Sleep cluster

2.37

3.12

1.00

1.75

1458.00

0.23

0.000

NeuroPsy cluster

1.76

3.56

0.48

1.49

1529.50

0.22

0.000

  1. PC post concussion, HC healthy control, M mean, SD standard deviation, r effect size, p Asymp. Sig. (2 tailed)
  2. aSmall effect size = 0.1; medium effect size = 0.3 and large effect size is 0.5 [21]