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Clinical and Translational Medicine
Fig. 5 | Clinical and Translational Medicine

Fig. 5

From: Cancer; an induced disease of twentieth century! Induction of tolerance, increased entropy and ‘Dark Energy’: loss of biorhythms (Anabolism v. Catabolism)

Fig. 5

Schematic representation of loss of biorhythms, expression of constituent receptors and induction of tolerance for epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer proliferation and growth. The scheme represents activation of trophoblasts growth factors that are required for placentation during embryonic and orderly fetus growth (constituent) and receptors including pyruvate kinases receptors and hormones. Induction of anabolic factors increase lawless growth of cancer cells and increase metabolism through glycolysis under mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia, features resembling/mimicking aspects of orderly growth of fetus. Expression of embryonic growth factors facilitate increased glucose metabolism through glycolysis, Pasteur and Crabtree effects and induction of immune tolerance creating ‘dark energy’ that enhance entropy, mitosis and proliferation of cancer masses, conditions that are toxic for normal cell survival. See text

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