Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

n

68

39

107

Age (years)

57 ± 14

68 ± 8*

61 ± 13

Duration (years)

7 (0–50)

20 (0–46)^#

10 (0–50)

BMI (kg/m²)

27 ± 6

25 ± 4*

26 ± 5

SBP (mmHG)

125 ± 18

136 ± 21*

129 ± 20

Cr (mg/dL)

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

79 ± 27

65 ± 18*

74 ± 25

FPG (mg/dL)

119 (67–203)

103 (72–309)

113 (67–309)

HbA1C (%)

8.1 ± 1.8

8.7 ± 1.4

8.3 ± 1.7

LDL-C (mg/dL)

107 ± 38

88 ± 25*

100 ± 35

TG (mg/dL)

111 (50–1919)

101 (46–303)

109 (46–1919)

HDL-C (mg/dL)

40 ± 11

44 ± 12

41 ± 11

HOMA-IR

2.2 (0–8.3)

N/A

N/A

Fetuin-A (μg/mL)

249 ± 37

249 ± 44

249 ± 40

WBC (cells/μL)

5800 (4825–6775)

5400 (4500–7000)

5700 (4800–6800)

Monocyte (cells/μL)

472 (372–648)

492 (350–616)

486 (368–646)

Classical CD14⁺⁺CD16⁻ monocytes (cells/μL)

363 (291–515)

385 (274–508)

379 (283–510)

Intermediate CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺ monocytes (cells/μL)

25 (15–37)

22 (14–48)

24 (15–39)

Nonclassical CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocytes (cells/μL)

32 (20–54)

35 (19–46)

33 (20–51)

OADs: monotherapy

 Biguanide (Met)

9

2

11

 Thiazolidine (Pio)

0

0

0

 Other OADs

14

4

18

OADS: combination therapy

 Met + other OADs

14

5

19

 Pio + other OADs

2

0

2

 Met + Pio ± other OADs

5

0

5