Fig. 2
From: Using single-cell multiple omics approaches to resolve tumor heterogeneity
Clonal phylogeny in cancer and resistance. A Darwinian tree model best describes clonal evolution. a Multiregion biopsies have been used to investigate intra-tumour heterogeneity. This involves taking biopsies from different regions of the same tumour then preparing high-throughput sequencing libraries. b Phylogenetic reconstruction of clonal evolution gives a detailed understanding of heterogeneity in the tumour. A mutation occurring at the ‘trunk’ of the tree and promotes clonal expansion. Subclones arise due to subsequent mutations that diversify the population. Driver mutations can also occur later in clonal evolution and infer resistant properties that were not present in the initial driver mutation. If chemotherapy fails to knock out unique trunks, a drug-resistant population will remain and serve as the dominant feature during relapse