Table 2 Potential use of miRNAs inEVs as cancer biomarkers

Lung

Diagnostic

Screening model with miR-378a-3p, miR-379-5p, miR-139-5p and miR-200-5p

Plasma

ExoQuick

qRT-PCR

let-7a-5p

Distiguishing between control and patients with any kind of nodules (NSCLC and lung granuloma), with AUC of 0.908

[92]

Diagnostic

Diagnostic model with miR-151-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-629-5p, miR-100-5p and miR-154-3p

Plasma

ExoQuick

qRT-PCR

let-7a-5p

Distiguishing between NSCLC and lung granuloma, with AUC of 0.76

[92]

Diagnostic

Panel with let-7-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-24-3p and miR-486-5p

Plasma

Ultracentrifugation + immunoaffinity magnetic beads (anti EpCAM)

RNA seq, qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-39-3p

Distiguishing NSCLC from symptomatic set, with AUC of 0.899

[93]

Diagnostic

Panel with miR-181-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30e-3p and miR-361-5p

Plasma

Ultracentrifugation + immunoaffinity magnetic beads (anti EpCAM)

RNA seq, qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-39-3p

Distinguishing adenocarcinoma from symptomatic set, with AUC of 0.936

[93]

Diagnostic

Panel with miR-10b-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-320b

Plasma

Ultracentrifugation + immunoaffinity magnetic beads (anti EpCAM)

RNA seq, qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-39-3p

Distinguishing SCC from symptomatic set, with AUC of 0.911

[93]

Prognostic

miR-23b-3p, miR-10b-5p and miR-21-5p

Plasma

ExoQuick

qRT-PCR, qRT-PCR

let-7a-5p

Associating with poor OS

[94]

Prognostic

miR-21-5p and miR-4257

Plasma

Ultracentrifugation

Microarray, qRT-PCR

miR-16-5p

Associating with poor DFS

[95]

Colorectal

Diagnostic

let-7a-5p, miR-1229-3p, miR-1246, miR-150-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-23a-3p

Serum

Ultracentrifugation

Microarray, RT-PCR

miR-451a

Comparing primary CRC with healthy control

[98]

Diagnostic

miR-125a-3p

Plasma

ExoQuick

RNA seq, qRT-PCR

miR-30e-5p

Distinguishing CRC from control, with AUC of 0.6849. Combination of miR-125a-3p with CEA improve the AUC 0.855

[99]

Prognostic

miR-19a-3p

Serum

Ultracentrifugation or Total Exosome Isolation Kit

Microarray, qRT-PCR

miR-16-5p

Associating with poor OS and poor DFS

[101]

Prognostic

miR-4772-3p

Serum

ExoQuick

RNA seq, qRT-PCR

miR-16-5p

Distinguishing recurrent CRC from non recurrent, with AUC of 0.72

[102]

Prostate

Diagnostic

miR-141-3p and miR-375

Serum

ExoMir extraction kit

Microarray, qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-39-3p

Comparing recurrent (metastatic) patients with non-recurrent patients

[104]

Diagnostic

miR-141-3p

Serum

ExoQuick

qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-39-3p

Comparing PCa with BPH and control

[107]

Diagnostic

miR-21-5p, miR-375 and let-7c-5p

Urine

Ultracentrifugation

qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-39-3p

Comparing Pca patients with healty controls AUCs: miR-21, 0.713; miR-375, 0.799; let-7c, 0.679

[111]

Prognostic

Combination of miR-1290 and miR-375

Plasma

ExoQuick

RNA seq, qRT-PCR

Genomic mean of miR-30a-5p and miR-30e-5p

Associating with poor OS

[112]

Breast

Diagnostic

miR-101-3p and miR-372-3p

Serum

ExoQuick

qRT-PCR

Mean value of miR-16-5p and miR-484

Comparing invasive breast cancer patients with healthy control

[117]

Diagnostic

Combination of miR-1246 and miR-21-5p

Plasma

Ultracentrifugation or ExoQuick

RNA seq, qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-54-3p

Distinguishing breast cancer patients with healthy control, with AUC of 0.7266

[118]

Ovarian

Diagnostic

miR-373-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p

Serum

Total exosome isolation reagent

qRT-PCR

miR-484

Comparing EOC with healthy control

[120]

Prognostic

miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p

Serum

Total exosome isolation reagent

qRT-PCR

miR-484

Associating with advanced FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis

[120]

Melanoma

Diagnostic

miR-125-5p

Serum

ExoQuick

qRT-PCR

miR-16-5p

Comparing metastaitic melanoma patients with disease free patients with melanoma and helthy conrtols

[125]

Diagnostic

miR-17-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-149-5p

Plasma

ExoQuick

Microarray, qRT-PCR

Cel-miR-39-3p

Comparing metastatic melanoma patients with healthy controls

[128]