Fig. 5

Research model for retinoblastoma. As human tumors are difficult to analyze other in vitro and in vivo models have been developed. There exist several cell lines that have been established from human tumors. Multiple mouse models have also been developed to recapitulate retinoblastoma with a selection presented here. Other, less used models include zebrafish, rat, and rabbit, where primarily transplantation experiments have been performed. Retinal cups from iPS cells have emerged as a promising technique for modeling retinoblastoma that may have a closer resemblance to the initiation and progression of the disease