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Table 4 Association between metabolic risk factors and HbA1c levels at baseline and follow up

From: Profiling of cardio-metabolic risk factors and medication utilisation among Type II diabetes patients in Ghana: a prospective cohort study

Variables

HbA1c (baseline)

X2, df (p value)

p value

HbA1c (follow-up)

X2, df (p value)

p value

Poor (n = 167)

Good (n = 74)

aOR (95% CI)

Poor (n = 130)

Good (n = 30)

aOR (95% CI)

Gender

  

0.18, 1 (0.675)

   

0.96, 1 (0.328)

 

 Male

67 (40.4)

32 (43.2)

1.0#

 

56 (43.1)

10 (33.3)

1.0#

 

 Female

99 (59.6)

42 (56.8)

1.13 (0.65–1.96)

0.673

74 (56.9)

20 (66.7)

0.66 (0.29–1.52)

0.413

BMI

  

1.35, 3 (0.718)

   

4.38, 3 (0.224)

 

 Underweight

5 (3.0)

4 (5.4)

0.49 (0.12–1.94)

0.445

2 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

  

 Normal

77 (46.7)

30 (40.5)

1.0#

 

56 (43.4)

12 (40.0)

1.0#

 

 Overweight

53 (32.1)

26 (35.1)

0.79 (0.42–1.49)

0.519

45 (34.90

7 (23.3)

1.38 (0.50–3.78)

0.619

 Obese

30 (18.2)

14 (18.9)

0.83 (0.39–1.79)

0.695

26 (20.2)

11 (36.7)

0.50 (0.19–1.29)

0.216

SBP

  

2.22,1 (0.136)

   

0.47, 1(0.491)

 

 Normal

86 (51.8)

46 (62.2)

1.0#

 

74 (56.9)

15 (50.0)

1.0#

 

 High SBP

80 (48.2)

28 (37.8)

1.53 (0.87–2.68)

0.161

56 (43.1)

15 (50.0)

0.76 (0.34–1.68)

0.544

DBP

  

0.16, 1 (0.692)

   

0.022, 1 (0.883)

 

 Normal

121 (72.9)

55 (75.3)

1.0#

 

98 (75.4)

23 (76.7)

1.0#

 

 High DBP

45 (27.1)

18 (24.7)

1.14 (0.60–2.14)

0.752

32 (24.6)

7 (23.3)

1.07 (0.42–2.73)

1.000

TC

  

2.42, 1 (0.12)

   

0.49, 1 (0.483)

 

 Good

101 (61.2)

53 (71.6)

1.0#

 

84 (65.6)

21 (72.4)

1.0#

 

 High

64 (38.8)

21 (28.4)

1.60 (0.88–2.89)

0.144

44 (34.4)

8 (27.6)

1.38 (0.56–3.36)

0.522

TG

  

0.00, 1 (0.985)

   

1.42, 1 (0.233)

 

 Good

137 (82.5)

61 (82.4)

1.0#

 

119 (93.0)

25 (86.2)

1.0#

 

 High

29 (17.5)

13 (17.6)

0.99 (0.48–2.04)

1.000

9 (7.0)

4 (13.8)

0.47 (0.14–1.68)

0.262

HDL-c

  

0.11, 1 (0.743)

   

0.46, 1 (0.499)

 

 Good

132 (79.0)

57 (77.0)

1.0#

 

39 (30.5)

7 (24.1)

1.0#

 

 Low

35 (21.0)

17 (23.0)

0.90 (0.46–1.73)

0.737

89 (69.5)

22 (75.9)

0.73 (0.29–1.84)

0.652

Non-HDL

  

0.25, 1 (0.620)

   

0.002, 1 (0.962)

 

 Normal

79 (47.9)

38 (51.4)

1.0#

 

58 (45.3)

13 (44.8)

1.0#

 

 High

86 (52.1)

36 (48.6)

1.15 (0.66–1.99)

0.675

70 (54.7)

16 (55.2)

0.98 (0.44–2.21)

1.000

LDL-c

  

0.05,1 (0.817)

   

0.53,1 (0.465)

 

 Good

74 (44.8)

32 (43.2)

1.0#

 

49 (38.3)

9 (31.0)

1.0#

 

 High

91 (55.2)

42 (56.8)

0.94 (0.54–1.630

0.888

79 (61.7)

20 (69.0)

0.73 (0.31–1.72)

0.528

  1. Logistic regression model, adjusted for age and medication. 1.0#: reference point for odds ratio
  2. X 2, df Chi square value, degrees of freedom, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval