Table 2 Chemical classes and the associated metabolites identified with respect to the HCV patients with fibrosis (F3–4), necroinflammation (A2–3) and steatosis (≥33 %)
Outcome [#spectral features] | Chemical classes (n) | Metabolites |
|---|---|---|
Fibrosis (F3–4) [21] | Acyl Glycine (1) | N-acetylglycine |
Amino acids (10) | Asparagine, creatine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, methionine, methylhistidine, N-acetylaspartate, threonine, tyrosine | |
Amino ketones (1) | Urea | |
Dicarboxylic acid (1) | Methylsuccinate | |
Fatty acids (2) | Formate, propionate | |
Hydroxy acids (1) | 2-Hydroxyisovalerate | |
Keto-acids (1) | 2-Oxoisocaproate | |
Nucleoside Analogue (1) | Adenosine | |
Polyamines (1) | Methylguanidine | |
Purine/purine deivatives (2) | 1,7-Dimethylxanthine, Caffeine | |
Necroinflammation (A2–3) [17] | Acyl glycine (1) | N-Acetylglycine |
Alcohols (1) | Ethanol | |
Aliphatic and aryl amines (1) | Dimethylamine | |
Amino acids (6) | Creatine, histidine, glutamate, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine | |
Dicarboxylic acid (3) | Methylsuccinate, suberate, succinate | |
Quaternary amines (1) | O-acetylcarnitine | |
Nucleoside analogue (1) | Adenosine | |
Purine/purine derivatives (2) | 1,7-Dimethylxanthine, caffeine | |
Tricarboxylic acid (1) | Citrate | |
Steatosis (≥33 %) [16] | Amino acids (6) | Asparagine, creatine, creatinine, L-glutamate, SERINE, tryptophan |
Carbohydrates (1) | d-Mannose | |
Dicarboxylic acid (4) | 2-Oxoglutarate, methylsuccinate, suberate, succinate | |
Hydroxy acids (2) | 3-Hydroxybutyrate, lactate | |
Keto-acids (2) | Pyruvate | |
Ketones (1) | Acetone | |
Nucleoside analogues (1) | Adenosine |