Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of anti-cancer therapies targeting macrophage behaviors

Anti-angiogenic therapy

Inhibit tumor growth and prevent metastasis [33],[34], improves efficacy of chemotherapeutics [35]

Must be used in combination with chemotherapeutics [36]; systemic effects [36],[37]

Recruitment inhibition

Prevent macrophages from entering tumor, becoming TAMs [38],[39]

Systemic effects [38]

Macrophage reprogramming

Macrophages secrete tumoricidal molecules [40],[41]

Local delivery necessary to avoid altering systemic Th1/Th2 paradigm [42]