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Clinical and Translational Medicine
Figure 1 | Clinical and Translational Medicine

Figure 1

From: Translational medicine as a permanent glue and force of clinical medicine and public health: perspectives (1) from 2012 Sino-American symposium on clinical and translational medicine

Figure 1

Biological systems are complex and multidimensional and require a systems approach. Disease and drug action originate at levels of cellular and molecular components, while physiological effects (e.g. symptoms, drug action) are at organ levels. Clinical and translational medicine should optimally link all circles and processes, e.g. discovery science, early translation steps, clinical trials, clinical practice guidelines, performance measures, and outcomes together.

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